Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 1/14

Organization (S): EDF-R & D/AMA

Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
Document: U2.03.06
Realization of a study civil engineering with cables
of prestressing
Summary:

The purpose of this document is to give consultings to make concrete studies reinforced with cables of
prestressed. It gives information on the precautions of grid, on the methods of application of
prestressed and on the possibilities of phasage.
Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 2/14

1 Introduction

The studies of Génie Civil are often rather complex to carry out insofar as they make
to intervene of modelings 3D, hulls, bars and several materials. This document tests
mutualiser the experience gained on the subject by giving consultings of methodology for the grid
and the phase of modeling, concerning the prestressed structures.

Implementation the numerical of the tension requires some precautions of use, in particular in
case of non-linear calculations, since the chronology of the loadings can impact the results.
In this document we see how to set up commands ASTER to reproduce
some examples of possible situations in reality.

2 Remark
preliminary

In Code_Aster, the cables of prestressing are modelled by elements 1D (bars with 2 nodes).
Their setting in tension is possible and consists in applying a nonnull tension in these cables. Two
alternatives exist to carry out this setting in tension. First method (available in
Code_Aster since the v5) consists in setting up the conditions kinematics between the cable and it
concrete, to calculate the tension along the cable and then to apply these loadings to the model
(instantaneous loading) to seek the balance of the structure. Its disadvantage is that the tension
who results from balance is generally weaker than that requested by the user.

The second method, developed in v7, is an improvement of the first: it guarantees that
tension with balance is exactly that required, but also allows the setting in tension
successive of the cables to recreate the phasage setting in prestressed structure. The last
interest of this method it is the possibility of applying the tension of the cable in a gradual way, which
can be necessary for behaviors of the nonlinéaire type, in particular in the event of cracking of
concrete during the phase of setting in prestressing.

In both cases, the basic ingredients are the same ones (operator DEFI_CABLE_BP and
AFFE_CHAR_MECA). The difference comes owing to the fact that in the first case, the setting in balance is made
simply by a STAT_NON_LINE whereas in the second case, one uses the macro-command
CALC_PRECONT which includes a certain number of handling of the model to ensure the setting in
tension (cf [R7.01.02]).

3
First stage: grid

To carry out a calculation on a structure of civil engineering, it is necessary to net the concrete, and
possibly reinforcements as well as the cables of prestressing.

· The grid of the concrete can be carried out with any voluminal element in 3D or in
2D. The elements can be linear or quadratic. If cables of prestressing are
also envisaged with the grid then there are some restrictions on the choice of the elements of
concrete according to the type of resolution (see paragraph [§4.2] and Remarque of the paragraph [§5]).

· The reinforcements are obligatorily with a grid with SEG2 whose nodes must be
confused with those of the concrete. It thus should be thought of it when the concrete is netted. In addition, it
is necessary to be vigilent if the concrete is with a grid with cubic elements in order to make well
to correspond all the nodes concrete located along the reinforcement with a node steel:
in other words if the concrete is with a grid with quadratic elements, at the place where must pass
a reinforcement, it is necessary to define 2 SEG2 steel for a mesh concrete.
Handbook of Utilization
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Titrate:
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· The cables of prestressed must be with a grid with SEG2. On the other hand, it is not
necessary to make coincide nodes of the cable and the nodes concrete: the command
DEFI_CABLE_BP indeed makes it possible to also create connections kinematics which will bind
nodes of the cable with the nodes of the concrete of the surrounding mesh. On the other hand, that
generate a great number of multipliers of Lagrange which will weigh down calculation. There is thus
a compromise to find between facility to carry out the grid and cost of calculation.

· In order to be able to define the cables, it is necessary to have named the nodes of anchoring with
each end of the cable.

4
Second stage: the setting in fact of the case

One details here the various stages of the setting in data of a standard prestressed concrete problem
in Code_Aster. For each phase, one specifies the possible questions to be posed and them
information which should be provided. An example of application is proposed in appendix where one gives
various alternatives for the phase of resolution.

4.1
Reading and possible enrichments of the grid

To check that the nodes of anchoring are quite accessible (individually) by a GROUP_NO.
To create the possible groups of nodes or meshs for postprocessing.
To direct the groups of meshs correctly where one imposes loadings of the pressure type or flow
(command ORIE_PEAU_3D (2D)).

4.2 Assignment
of one
model

At present, the reinforcements and the cables of prestressed can be modelled only by
elements BARRE (resting on SEG2). For the concrete, the choice is much freer, in
revenge it is necessary to note the following limitations:
In the presence of cable of prestressing, the use of DEFI_CABLE_BP authorizes only the elements
voluminal or modeling DKT. In addition, the operator CALC_PRECONT who allows in particular
not to put all the cables in tension simultaneously is compatible only with the elements
voluminal.

4.3
Characteristics of the elements of structure

To define the section of the passive reinforcements and the cables of prestressing.

4.4
Definition of materials

Laws of behavior available for the concrete:

· ELAS,
· MAZARS or not-local local version [R7.01.08]
· ENDO_ISOT_BETON or not local local version [R7.01.04]
· BETON_DOUBLE_DP [R7.01.03]
· KIT_DDI to combine a mechanical model with the models of creep: GRANGER_FP,
GRANGER_FP_V, [R7.01.01], BAZANT_FD [R7.01.05]

Note:

Model LABORD_1D [R7.01.07] is available only for the multifibre elements beams
POU_D_EM thus incompatible for a use with cables of prestressing.
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Laws of behavior available for steels: about all the laws are usable with
elements bars, most usually used are:

· ELAS
· VMIS_CINE_LINE (plasticity with linear kinematic work hardening)
· PINTO_MENEGOTTO
· VMIS_ISOT_LINE (plasticity with linear isotropic work hardening)
· VMIS_ISOT_TRAC (plasticity with isotropic work hardening given by a traction diagram)

The choice of the law determines the key words to inform under DEFI_MATERIAU.

In the presence of cables and to be able to use DEFI_CABLE_BP, it is also necessary to have informed:

· key words BETON_BPEL (PERT_FLUA, PERT_RETR) for the meshs concrete,
· key words ELAS and ACIER_BPEL (SY, FROT_LINE, FROT_COURB, MU0_RELAX, RELAX_1000)
for the steel of the cables of prestressing.

All these parameters are not obligatory.

Note:

· Parameter SY requires a detailed attention since as opposed to what one
could wait, it does not intervene in a possible nonlinear calculation with plasticity
cables. The SY indicated under ACIER_BPEL corresponds to the Fprg parameter indicated
in the payment BPEL and which makes it possible to calculate the loss by relieving. To allow
a calculation with plasticization, it is necessary to declare the elastic limit with the law of
behavior selected.
· Command DEFI_CABLE_BP cannot consider the case where characteristics
rubber bands of the concrete crossed by the cable can vary with the temperature.
· Command DEFI_CABLE_BP cannot support the case where several materials
concrete are traversed by the same cable.

4.5
Definition of the cables

The phase of definition of the cables places by order DEFI_CABLE_BP. That makes it possible to define
which must be the tension in the cables according to rules' of the BPEL, according to the initial tension,
retreat of anchoring (which applies only for active anchorings), of the relieving of steel and
deformations differed from the concrete (creep and withdrawal).
Let us announce that only one DEFI_CABLE_BP can gather several cables provided that they have them
same parameters of input for the calculation of the tension, and which one wishes to tighten all these cables
at the same time.

The punching created by anchorings can some times give place to numerical difficulties
of modeling. The origin of this problem is related to the incompatibility of the load pattern (a force
specific created by anchoring) compared to the grid of the concrete (2D or 3D). To avoid this problem, it
key word CONE under DEFI_CABLE_BP (available starting from the v7 of Code_Aster) makes it possible to define one
volume representing the cone of elimination placed at the end of the cables, and thus to distribute
force punching on a volume of the concrete, and either on one or, some nodes at the maximum.
geometry of this volume corresponds to a cylinder whose dimensions (length and radius) would have
to correspond to the cone of elimination really employed. However it should be noted that if it
grid of the concrete in this area is not sufficiently fine, the volume of the cone will not be able
to integrate concrete nodes moreover. But under this condition the problem of concentration of
constraint will be probably unimportant.
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Note:

· Each end of cable can be declared as being “active” or “passive”. If one
cable comprises any active end, no tension is not then applied.
· The use of option CONE requires a detailed attention as for the way of imposing
boundary conditions under penalty of seeing appearing conditions kinematics
superabundant which prevents the resolution of the problem.

4.6
Definition of the loadings

It is necessary to define separately (either as many calls to AFFE_CHAR_MECA (_F)) loadings
following:

· Boundary conditions as well as the possible valid instantaneous loadings as of
beginning of calculation

· The relations kinematics making it possible to connect the nodes cables with the nodes concrete:
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (RELA_CINE=' OUI'). This loading is necessary for any calculation with
STAT_NON_LINE on the model containing the cables of prestressed (if not fatal error for
cause of matrix not factorisable).
During the call to CALC_PRECONT, the connections kinematics are useless * except when one
carry out the setting in tension in several stages. The connections should indeed be included
kinematics for the cables which were already put in tension by a first CALC_PRECONT:
that thus relates to the cables which enter neither key word CABLE_BP nor in the key word
CABLE_BP_INACTIF (cf example in appendix and more particularly scenario 1). In it
case, it is necessary to think of defining as much loading than of phases of setting in tension
different.

· Posterior loadings with the setting in tension of the cables.

* Caution:

When the nodes of cable and concrete are not confused (presence of relations
kinematics, RELA_CINE=' OUI') this generates an error. It thus should be avoided in this case.
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Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
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: 6/14

5
The resolution of the mechanical problem

It is a question here of specifying the loading to be included (key word EXCIT) at the time of the call to CALC_PRECONT.
Several cases arise.

1) The user wishes to thus put in tension simultaneously all the cables of prestressed
that an instantaneous loading, without other loadings as a preliminary. In this case, it is enough to
to call upon macro-command CALC_PRECONT only once. The loading is made up
boundary conditions and possible instantaneous loadings. Under key word CABLE_BP,
all concepts DEFI_CABLE_BP will be included (see scenario 3 in appendix).

2) The user wishes to make calculations before the setting in tension of the cables. In this case, it
is appropriate:
· that is to say not to include the cables in the model used to make calculations before the setting in
tension of the cables
· that is to say to use under key word COMP_INCR of STAT_NON_LINE, the law of behavior
RELATION=' SANS' for the meshs of the cable. In this case, it is essential to add
in the loadings, the relations kinematics binding cable and concrete (obtained while writing
AFFE_CHAR_MECA (RELA_CINE_BP=_F (RELA_CINE=' OUI'))) (see scenario 1 and 3 in
appendix).

3) The user wishes successively to put in tension the cables. In this case, it is necessary to appeal
with CALC_PRECONT as many time as necessary. CABLE_BP will contain the concepts
DEFI_CABLE_BP associated with the cables which one is tending during this call to
CALC_PRECONT, CABLE_BP_INACTIF will contain those which one wishes to tighten later on:
in this way, it is the macro-command which is given the responsability to affect a law of behavior SANS
with these cables and to include the connections kinematics associated with these same cables.
For the loading, it is a question systematically of including the boundary conditions as well as
possible instantaneous loadings. From the second call to CALC_PRECONT, it is appropriate
to include moreover, the connections kinematics related to the cables already put in tension at the stages
the preceding ones (see scenario 1 in Annexe).

In all the cases of figure, for the STAT_NON_LINE which follow the setting in tension of the cables, it is
important not to forget the whole of the connections kinematics related to the cables

Note:

For the moment, the use of macro-command CALC_PRECONT is not compatible
with the use of hulls to represent the concrete surrounding the cables. It is thus
necessary to have recourse to the old method of setting in tension of the cables in spite of its
disadvantages [R7.01.02]. The setting in tension is carried out simply while including in
loads concept AFFE_CHAR_MECA defined by RELA_CINE_BP = F (RELA_CINE = “OUI”,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI'). With the exit of this calculation, the tension in the cables is not equal any more to
those prescribed by the BPEL, it is thus necessary to determine the coefficients of correction to apply
with the initial tensions applied to the cables (on the level of the declaration of the operator
DEFI_CABLE_BP) allowing to compensate for the loss by instantaneous strain of
structure. Once the command file modified by these coefficients of correction,
modeling of the cables of prestressing is accomplished.
Attention, in the case of sequence of STAT_NON_LINE, it is appropriate starting from the second
call, to include in the loading only the relations kinematics and not the tension in
cables, under penalty of adding this tension, with each calculation (see scenario 2 in appendix).
That thus requires to create a second AFFE_CHAR_MECA with the operand
RELA_CINE_BP = F (RELA_CINE = “OUI”, SIGM_BPEL=' NON') (cf scenario 2 in
Appendix).
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6 Appendix

Here an example of application inspired of the case test [V6.04.164] (SSNV164). It is about a crossed post
by 5 cables, and the loading is composed of:

1)
gravity
2) prestressing in the cables
3) a pressure on the higher face

The setting in data is common, then one shows 3 scenarios to solve the problem:

The first scenario is most physical:

1) taken into account of gravity
2) setting in tension of cables 1 and 2
3) setting in tension of cables 3 and 4
4) setting in tension of cable 5
5) pressurization

The second scenario is that which one applied before the development of the operator
CALC_PRECONT (to version 6 of Code_Aster) and which is the method which remains recommended in
case where one uses a model DKT for the concrete

1) taken into account of gravity and setting in tension of the 5 cables
2) pressurization

The third scenario is identical to the second with regard to the command of application of
loadings but it uses operator CALC_PRECONT and thus makes it possible to have directly the tension
lawful in the cables of prestressing
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The setting in fact of the case

PRE_GIBI ();


MA=LIRE_MAILLAGE (VERI_MAIL=_F (VERIF=' NON'),);



MA=DEFI_GROUP (reuse =MA,
MAILLAGE=MA,

CREA_GROUP_NO= (_F (GROUP_MA=' SU3',),
Reading and enrichment of the grid. The creation of
_F (GROUP_MA=' PP',),
GROUP_NO related to the cables are essential only for
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB1',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB2',),
a possible postprocessing along those.
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB3',),

_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB4',),

_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB5',),
),);

MO=AFFE_MODELE (MAILLAGE=MA,

AFFE= (
_F (GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',

PHENOMENE=' MECANIQUE',

MODELISATION=' 3d',),
Definition of models (3D for the concrete, BARRE for
_F (GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),
cables)
PHENOMENE=' MECANIQUE',

MODELISATION=' BARRE',),),);


CE=AFFE_CARA_ELEM (MODELE=MO,

BARRE=_F (

GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),
Geometrical characteristics (transverse) of
SECTION=' CERCLE',
elements bars
CARA=' R',
VALE=2.8209E-2,),);



MBETON=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E=4.E10,
NU=0.20,

RHO=2500,),

BPEL_BETON=_F (),);


MCABLE=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E=1.93E11,
Creation and assignment of the characteristics materials
NU=0.3,
for the cable and the concrete:
RHO=7850,),
Concrete: rubber band + given lawful BPEL by
BPEL_ACIER=_F (SY=1.94E11,
FROT_COURB=0.0,
defect
FROT_LINE=1.5E-3,),
Steel: rubber band +données lawful BPEL +
ECRO_LINE = _F (SY = 1.94E11,
data for plastic model with isotropic work hardening
D_SIGM_EPSI=1000.,))


CMAT=AFFE_MATERIAU (MAILLAGE=MA,

AFFE= (
_F (GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',

MATER=MBETON,),

_F (GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),

MATER=MCABLE,),),);


CAB_BP1=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,

GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',

DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB1',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC1D', “PC1F”,),),

TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),

TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,

RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);


CAB_BP2=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
Definition of the 5 cables of prestressing
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',

DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB2',
Note:
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC 2D”, “PC2F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
It is possible to gather:
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);
CAB_BP1 and CAB_BP2 but also CAB_BP3 and

CAB_BP4 since they have the same characteristics
CAB_BP3=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
and are put in tension simultaneously.
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
If all the cables are tended
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB3',
at the same time (scenario 2 and 3) one can gather
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC 3D”, “PC3F”,),),
all the cables except the 5 whose anchorings are
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
different (ACTIF/ACTIF counter ACTIF/PASSIF).
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);





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CAB_BP4=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,

GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB4',

GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC4D', “PC4F”,),),

TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),

TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);



CAB_BP5=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
… continuation.
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',

DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB5',

GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC5D', “PC5F”,),),

TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “ACTIVE”,),
# CONE=_F (RAYON=0.21,

# LONGUEUR=2.1,

# PRESENT= (“YES”, “YES”,),),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,

RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,

INFO=2,
);

CLIM =AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,

DDL_IMPO= (
Creation of the loadings
_F (GROUP_NO=' PP',
DX=0.0, DY=0.0,),

_F (GROUP_NO=' PX',
Boundary conditions and gravity
DY=0.0,),
_F (GROUP_NO=' PY',

DX=0.0,),

_F (GROUP_NO=' SU3',

DZ=0.0,),),
PESANTEUR= (9.81, 0.0, 0.0, - 1.0,),)



CMCAB1=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP1,

SIGM_BPEL=' NON',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB2=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,

RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP2,
The connections kinematics connecting the cable to the concrete
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
(here SIGM_BPEL=' NON', because one does not want to include
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB3=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
in this loading the tension in the cables)
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP3,

SIGM_BPEL=' NON',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB4=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,

RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP4,

SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)

CMCAB5=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,

RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP5,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),);


Posterior loadings with the setting in tension
CLOSE =AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
PRES_REP =_F (GROUP_MA = “HIGH”,
cables (here a pressure)
PRES = 500,),)

FCT = DEFI_FONCTION (NOM_PARA = “INST”,
VALE = (0. , 0., 600., 0., 1000., 1.),)

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Scenario 1



LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 150., 300., 450., 600., 1000.),);



# ETAPE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY


RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
The cables do not intervene: from where
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,),
RELATION=' SANS', but as they are present
_F (RELATION = “WITHOUT”,
in the model, one includes the connections kinematics them
GROUP_MA= (“CABLE”),),),
concerning (if not the cables “fall”).
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB5),),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 150.),)


# loading 2: cables 1 and 2

#--------------------------------------------------------

RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),

MODELE=MO,
Whereas boundary conditions and gravity
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
are maintained,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
CALC_PRECONT, will put in
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
tension cables 1 and 2, while maintaining inactive
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
cables 3,4 and 5.
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
To assign the real law of behavior to the cables.
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT= (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),),
Not to include the connections kinematics binding them
CABLE_BP= (CAB_BP1, CAB_BP2),
cables with the concrete, CALC_PRECONT takes care some
CABLE_BP_INACTIF = (CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4, CAB_BP5,),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 300.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,

SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)


# loading 3: cables 3 and 4

#--------------------------------------------------------

RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,

ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
This time cables 1 and 2 are already tended and are not
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
thus more managed by CALC_PRECONT, this is why it
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
is necessary to include in the loading in addition to the conditions
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
with the limits, the connections kinematics for these 2
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
cables. On the other hand nothing to put for cable 5,
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1,),
always inactive, and for cables 3 and 4 that
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2,),),
CALC_PRECONT will put in tension at this stage
CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4),
CABLE_BP_INACTIF = (CAB_BP5,),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 450.,

SUBD_PAS = 4,

SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)


# loading 4: cable 5

#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,

ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),

MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,

COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
Only cable 5 is managed by
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
CALC_PRECONT, it is necessary
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
thus to include the connections kinematics for the others
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
already tended cables (1,2,3 and 4).
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1,),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2,),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3,),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4,),),
CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP5,),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.,

SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)








Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 11/14

# loading 5: pressure

#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,

ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),

MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,

COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,

GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,

GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
All the cables are now active. The loading
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
must include/understand the boundary conditions, them
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1,),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2,),
instantaneous loadings, the connections kinematics
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3,),
for all the cables and the new loadings with
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4,),
to apply (here
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB5,),
PRES).
_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,

SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)




Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 12/14


Scenario 2



LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 600., 1000.),);



CMCAB1B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP1,

SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)

CMCAB2B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP2,

SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB3B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
To directly apply the tension in the cables,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP3,
one needs to define new loadings
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
containing at the same time the connections kinematics binding cable
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
and concrete, and the value of the tension to be included in
CMCAB4B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP4,
cables (from where SIGM_BPEL=' OUI', contrary to
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
CMCABi loadings defined initially).
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB5B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,

RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP5,

SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',

RELA_CINE=' OUI',),);


# ETAPE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY + TENSION OF THE CABLES


RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,

GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),

The loading is composed of CLIM and of
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
CMCABiB containing the connections kinematics and
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
tension in the cables
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1B),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2B),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3B),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4B),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB5B),),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.),)




# loading 2: pressure

#-----------------------------------------------------------

RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,

ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,

GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
One always maintains the boundary conditions and
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
gravity, one includes the pressure. For the cables, it is
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
well CMCABi because one just wishes to maintain them
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1,),
connections kinematics (if not, a news is added
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2,),
time the tension in the cables)
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3,),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4,),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB5,),

_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),

INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,

SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)


Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 13/14


Scenario 3



LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 600., 1000.),);




# ETAPE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY + TENSION OF THE CABLES



RES1 = CABLE_PRECONT (MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,

COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
The loading is composed of CLIM and the 5 cables
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
are put in tension simultaneously
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),

CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP1, CAB_BP2, CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4, CAB_BP5),

EXCIT =_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.),)




# loading 2: pressure

#-----------------------------------------------------------

RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,

ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,

CHAM_MATER=CMAT,

CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,

GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),

_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
One always maintains the boundary conditions and
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
gravity, one includes the pressure. For the cables, one has
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB1,),
always need for the connections kinematics them
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB2,),
concerning.
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB3,),
_F (CHARGE = CMCAB4,),

_F (CHARGE = CMCAB5,),

_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,

SUBD_PAS = 4,

SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)




Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

Code_Aster ®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Génie Civil with cables of prestressed Date
:

16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, Key S. GHAVAMIAN: U2.03.06-A Page
: 14/14

Intentionally white left page.
Handbook of Utilization
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A

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