Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
1/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Organization (S):
EDF-R & D/AMA
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
Document: U2.03.06
Realization of a study civil engineering with cables
of prestressing
Summary:
The purpose of this document is to give consultings to make concrete studies reinforced with cables of
prestressed. It gives information on the precautions of mesh, on the methods of application of
prestressed and on the possibilities of phasage.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
2/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
1 Introduction
The studies of Civil Engineering are often rather complex to carry out insofar as they make
to intervene of modelings 3D, hulls, bars and several materials. This document tests
mutualiser the experience gained on the subject by giving consultings of methodology for the mesh
and the phase of modeling, concerning the prestressed structures.
Implementation the numerical of the voltage requires some precautions of use, in particular in
case of non-linear calculations, since the chronology of the loadings can impact the results.
In this document we see how to set up the controls ASTER to reproduce
some examples of possible situations in reality.
2 Remark
preliminary
In Code_Aster, the cables of prestressing are modelized by elements 1D (bars with 2 nodes).
Their setting in voltage is possible and consists in applying a nonnull voltage in these cables. Two
alternatives exist to carry out this setting in voltage. First method (available in
Code_Aster since the v5) consists in setting up the conditions kinematics between the cable and it
concrete, to calculate the voltage along the cable and then to apply these loadings to the model
(instantaneous loading) to seek the balance of the structure. Its disadvantage is that the voltage
who results from balance is generally weaker than that requested by the user.
The second method, developed in v7, is an improvement of the first: it guarantees that
voltage with balance is exactly that required, but also allows the setting in voltage
successive of the cables to recreate the phasage setting in prestressed structure. The last
interest of this method it is the possibility of applying the voltage of the cable in a gradual way, which
can be necessary for behaviors of the nonlinéaire type, in particular in the event of cracking of
concrete during the phase of setting in prestressing.
In both cases, the basic products are the same ones (operator
DEFI_CABLE_BP
and
AFFE_CHAR_MECA
). The difference comes owing to the fact that in the first case, the setting in balance is made
simply by one
STAT_NON_LINE
whereas in the second case, one uses the macro-control
CALC_PRECONT
who includes a certain number of handling of the model to ensure the setting in
voltage (cf [R7.01.02]).
3
First stage: mesh
To carry out a calculation on a structure of civil engineering, it is necessary to net the concrete, and
possibly reinforcements as well as the cables of prestressing.
·
The mesh of the concrete can be carried out with any voluminal element in 3D or in
2D. The elements can be linear or quadratic. If cables of prestressing are
also envisaged with the mesh then there are some restrictions on the choice of the elements of
concrete according to the type of resolution (see paragraph [§4.2] and Notices paragraph [§5]).
·
The reinforcements are obligatorily with a grid with SEG2 whose nodes must be
confused with those of the concrete. It thus should be thought of it when the concrete is netted. In addition, it
is necessary to be vigilent if the concrete is with a grid with cubic elements in order to make well
to correspond all the nodes concrete located along the reinforcement with a node steel:
in other words if the concrete is with a grid with quadratic elements, at the place where must pass
a reinforcement, it is necessary to define 2 SEG2 steel for a mesh concrete.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
3/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
·
The cables of prestressed must be with a grid with SEG2. On the other hand, it is not
necessary to make coincide nodes of the cable and the nodes concrete: the control
DEFI_CABLE_BP
indeed allows to also create connections kinematics which will bind
nodes of the cable with the nodes of the concrete of the surrounding mesh. On the other hand, that
generate a great number of multipliers of Lagrange which will weigh down calculation. There is thus
a compromise to find between facility to carry out the mesh and cost of calculation.
·
In order to be able to define the cables, it is necessary to have named the nodes of anchoring with
each end of the cable.
4
Second stage: the setting in fact of the case
One details here the various stages of the setting in data of a standard prestressed concrete problem
in Code_Aster. For each phase, one specifies the possible questions to be posed and them
information which should be provided. An example of application is proposed in appendix where one gives
various alternatives for the phase of resolution.
4.1
Reading and possible enrichments of the mesh
To check that the nodes of anchoring are quite accessible (individually) by one
GROUP_NO
.
To create the possible groups of nodes or meshs for postprocessing.
To direct the groups of meshs correctly where one imposes loadings of the pressure type or flow
(control
ORIE_PEAU_3D (2D)
).
4.2 Assignment
of one
model
At present, the reinforcements and the cables of prestressed can be modelized only by
elements
BAR
(resting on SEG2). For the concrete, the choice is much freer, in
revenge it is necessary to note the following limitations:
In the presence of cable of prestressing, the use of
DEFI_CABLE_BP
authorize only the elements
voluminal or modeling
DKT
. In addition, the operator
CALC_PRECONT
who allows in particular
not to put all the cables in voltage simultaneously is compatible only with the elements
voluminal.
4.3
Characteristics of the elements of structure
To define the section of the passive reinforcements and the cables of prestressing.
4.4
Definition of materials
Laws of behavior available for the concrete:
·
ELAS
,
·
MAZARS
or not-local local version [R7.01.08]
·
ENDO_ISOT_BETON
or not local local version [R7.01.04]
·
BETON_DOUBLE_DP
[R7.01.03]
·
KIT_DDI
to combine a mechanical model with the models of creep:
GRANGER_FP
,
GRANGER_FP_V
, [R7.01.01],
BAZANT_FD
[R7.01.05]
Note:
The model
LABORD_1D
[R7.01.07] is available only for the multifibre elements beams
POU_D_EM
thus incompatible for a use with cables of prestressing.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
4/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Laws of behavior available for steels: about all the laws are usable with
elements bars, most usually used are:
·
ELAS
·
VMIS_CINE_LINE
(plasticity with linear kinematic work hardening)
·
PINTO_MENEGOTTO
·
VMIS_ISOT_LINE
(plasticity with linear isotropic work hardening)
·
VMIS_ISOT_TRAC
(plasticity with isotropic work hardening given by a traction diagram)
The choice of the law determines the key words to inform under
DEFI_MATERIAU
.
In the presence of cables and to be able to use
DEFI_CABLE_BP
, it is also necessary to have informed:
·
key words
BETON_BPEL
(
PERT
_
CREPT
,
PERT_RETR
) for the meshs concrete,
·
key words
ELAS
and
ACIER_BPEL
(
SY
,
FROT
_
LINE
,
FROT_COURB
,
MU0_RELAX
,
RELAX_1000
)
for the steel of the cables of prestressing.
All these parameters are not obligatory.
Note:
·
Parameter SY requires a detailed attention since as opposed to what one
could wait, it does not intervene in a possible nonlinear calculation with plasticity
cables. The SY indicated under
ACIER_BPEL
corresponds to the Fprg parameter indicated
in the payment BPEL and which makes it possible to calculate the loss by relieving. To allow
a calculation with plasticization, it is necessary to declare the elastic limit with the law of
behavior selected.
·
The control
DEFI_CABLE_BP
cannot consider the case where characteristics
rubber bands of the concrete crossed by the cable can vary with the temperature.
·
The control
DEFI_CABLE_BP
cannot support the case where several materials
concrete are traversed by the same cable.
4.5
Definition of the cables
The phase of definition of the cables places by the order
DEFI_CABLE_BP
. That makes it possible to define
which must be the voltage in the cables according to rules' of the BPEL, according to the initial voltage,
retreat of anchoring (which applies only for active anchorings), of the relieving of steel and
deformations differed from the concrete (creep and withdrawal).
Let us announce that only one
DEFI_CABLE_BP
can gather several cables provided that they have them
same parameters of input for the calculation of the voltage, and which one wishes to tighten all these cables
at the same time.
The punching created by anchorings can some times give place to numerical difficulties
of modeling. The origin of this problem is related to the incompatibility of the load pattern (a force
specific created by anchoring) compared to the mesh of the concrete (2D or 3D). To avoid this problem, it
key word
CONE
under
DEFI_CABLE_BP
(available starting from the v7 of Code_Aster) allows to define one
volume representing the cone of elimination placed at the end of the cables, and thus to distribute
force punching on a volume of the concrete, and either on one or, some nodes at the maximum.
geometry of this volume corresponds to a cylinder whose dimensions (length and radius) would have
to correspond to the cone of elimination really employed. However it should be noted that if it
mesh of the concrete in this area is not sufficiently fine, the volume of the cone will not be able
to integrate concrete nodes moreover. But under this condition the problem of concentration of
stress will be probably unimportant.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
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Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Note:
·
Each end of cable can be declared as being “active” or “passive”. If one
cable comprises any active end, no voltage is not then applied.
·
The use of the option
CONE
a detailed attention as for the way requires of imposing
boundary conditions under penalty of seeing appearing conditions kinematics
superabundant which prevents the resolution of the problem.
4.6
Definition of the loadings
It is necessary to as many define separately (either calls to
AFFE_CHAR_MECA (_F)
) loadings
following:
·
Boundary conditions as well as the possible valid instantaneous loadings as of
beginning of calculation
·
The relations kinematics making it possible to connect the nodes cables with the nodes concrete:
RELA_CINE_BP=_F
(
RELA_CINE=' OUI'
). This loading is necessary for any calculation with
STAT_NON_LINE
on the model containing the cables of prestressed (if not fatal error for
cause of matrix not factorisable).
During the call to
CALC_PRECONT
, the connections kinematics are useless * except when one
carry out the setting in voltage in several stages. The connections should indeed be included
kinematics for the cables which were already put in voltage by a first
CALC_PRECONT
:
that thus relates to the cables which do not enter nor the key word
CABLE_BP
nor in the key word
CABLE_BP_INACTIF
(cf example in appendix and more particularly scenario 1). In it
case, it is necessary to think of defining as much loading than of phases of setting in voltage
different.
·
Posterior loadings with the setting in voltage of the cables.
* Caution:
When the nodes of cable and concrete are not confused (presence of relations
kinematics,
RELA_CINE=' OUI'
) this generates an error. It thus should be avoided in this case.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
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U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
5
The resolution of the mechanical problem
It is a question here of specifying the loading to include (key word
EXCIT
) at the time of the call to
CALC_PRECONT
.
Several cases arise.
1) The user wishes to thus put in voltage simultaneously all the cables of prestressed
that an instantaneous loading, without other loadings as a preliminary. In this case, it is enough to
to call upon the macro-control only once
CALC_PRECONT
. The loading is made up
boundary conditions and possible instantaneous loadings. Under the key word
CABLE_BP
,
all the concepts will be included
DEFI_CABLE_BP
(see scenario 3 in appendix).
2) The user wishes to make calculations before the setting in voltage of the cables. In this case, it
is appropriate:
·
that is to say not to include the cables in the model used to make calculations before the setting in
voltage of the cables
·
that is to say to use under the key word
COMP_INCR
of
STAT_NON_LINE
, the law of behavior
RELATION=' SANS'
for the meshs of the cable. In this case, it is essential to add
in the loadings, the relations kinematics binding cable and concrete (obtained while writing
AFFE_CHAR_MECA
(
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (RELA_CINE=' OUI'
))) (see scenario 1 and 3 in
appendix).
3) The user wishes successively to put in voltage the cables. In this case, it is necessary to appeal
with
CALC_PRECONT
as many time as necessary.
CABLE_BP
will contain the concepts
DEFI_CABLE_BP
associated the cables which one is tending during this call to
CALC_PRECONT
,
CABLE_BP_INACTIF
will contain those which one wishes to tighten later on:
in this way, it is the macro-control which is given the responsability to affect a law of behavior
WITHOUT
with these cables and to include the connections kinematics associated with these same cables.
For the loading, it is a question systematically of including the boundary conditions as well as
possible instantaneous loadings. From the second call to
CALC_PRECONT
, it is appropriate
to include moreover, the connections kinematics related to the cables already put in voltage at the stages
the preceding ones (see scenario 1 in Appendix).
In all the cases of figure, for
STAT_NON_LINE
who follow the setting in voltage of the cables, it is
important not to forget the whole of the connections kinematics related to the cables
Note:
For the moment, the use of the macro-control
CALC_PRECONT
is not compatible
with the use of hulls to represent the concrete surrounding the cables. It is thus
necessary to have recourse to the old method of setting in voltage of the cables in spite of its
disadvantages [R7.01.02]. The setting in voltage is carried out simply while including in
loads the concept
AFFE_CHAR_MECA
defined by
RELA_CINE_BP = F (RELA_CINE = “YES”,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI')
. With the exit of this calculation, the voltage in the cables is not equal any more to
those prescribed by the BPEL, it is thus necessary to determine the coefficients of correction to apply
with the initial voltages applied to the cables (on the level of the statement of the operator
DEFI_CABLE_BP
) allowing to compensate for the loss by instantaneous strain of
structure. Once the command file modified by these coefficients of correction,
modeling of the cables of prestressing is accomplished.
Attention, in the case of sequence of
STAT_NON_LINE
, it is appropriate starting from the second
call, to include in the loading only the relations kinematics and not the voltage in
cables, under penalty of adding this voltage, with each calculation (see scenario 2 in appendix).
That thus requires to create a second
AFFE_CHAR_MECA
with the operand
RELA_CINE_BP = F (RELA_CINE = “YES”, SIGM_BPEL=' NON')
(cf scenario 2 in
Appendix).
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
7/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
6 Appendix
Here an example of application inspired of the case test [V6.04.164] (SSNV164). It is about a crossed post
by 5 cables, and the loading is composed of:
1)
gravity
2) prestressing in the cables
3) a pressure on the higher face
The setting in data is common, then one shows 3 scenarios to solve the problem:
The first scenario is most physical:
1) taken into account of gravity
2) setting in voltage of cables 1 and 2
3) setting in voltage of cables 3 and 4
4) setting in voltage of cable 5
5) pressurization
The second scenario is that which one applied before the development of the operator
CALC_PRECONT
(to version 6 of Code_Aster) and which is the method which remains recommended in
case where a model is used
DKT
for the concrete
1) taken into account of gravity and setting in voltage of the 5 cables
2) pressurization
The third scenario is identical to the second with regard to the command of application of
loadings but it uses the operator
CALC_PRECONT
and thus allows to have directly the voltage
lawful in the cables of prestressing
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
8/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
The setting in fact of the case
PRE_GIBI ();
MA=LIRE_MAILLAGE (VERI_MAIL=_F (VERIF=' NON'),);
MA=DEFI_GROUP (reuse =MA,
MAILLAGE=MA,
CREA_GROUP_NO= (_F (GROUP_MA=' SU3',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' PP',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB1',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB2',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB3',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB4',),
_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB5',),
),);
MO=AFFE_MODELE (MAILLAGE=MA,
AFFE= (
_F (GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',
PHENOMENE=' MECANIQUE',
MODELISATION=' 3d',),
_F (GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),
PHENOMENE=' MECANIQUE',
MODELISATION=' BARRE',),),);
CE=AFFE_CARA_ELEM (MODELE=MO,
BARRE=_F (
GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),
SECTION=' CERCLE',
CARA=' R',
VALE=2.8209E-2,),);
MBETON=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E=4.E10,
NU=0.20,
RHO=2500,),
BPEL_BETON=_F (),);
MCABLE=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E=1.93E11,
NU=0.3,
RHO=7850,),
BPEL_ACIER=_F (SY=1.94E11,
FROT_COURB=0.0,
FROT_LINE=1.5E-3,),
ECRO_LINE = _F (SY = 1.94E11,
D_SIGM_EPSI=1000.,))
CMAT=AFFE_MATERIAU (MAILLAGE=MA,
AFFE= (
_F (GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',
MATER=MBETON,),
_F (GROUP_MA= (“CAB1”, “CAB2”, “CAB3”, “CAB4”, “CAB5”),
MATER=MCABLE,),),);
CAB_BP1=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB1',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC1D', “PC1F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);
CAB_BP2=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB2',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC 2D”, “PC2F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);
CAB_BP3=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB3',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC 3D”, “PC3F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);
Reading and enrichment of the mesh. The creation of
GROUP_NO
bound to the cables is essential only for
a possible postprocessing along those.
Definition of the models (3D for the concrete,
BAR
for
cables)
Geometrical characteristics (transverse) of
elements bars
Creation and assignment of the characteristics materials
for the cable and the concrete:
Concrete: rubber band + given lawful BPEL by
defect
Steel: rubber band +données lawful BPEL +
data for plastic model with isotropic work hardening
Definition of the 5 cables of prestressing
Note:
It is possible to gather:
CAB_BP1
and
CAB_BP2
but too
CAB_BP3
and
CAB_BP4
since they have the same characteristics
and are put in voltage simultaneously.
If all the cables are tended
at the same time (scenario 2 and 3) one can gather
all the cables except the 5 whose anchorings are
different (ACTIVE CREDIT/counters ACTIVE/PASSIVE).
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
9/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
CAB_BP4=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB4',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC4D', “PC4F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “PASSIVE”,),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,);
CAB_BP5=DEFI_CABLE_BP (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
GROUP_MA_BETON=' VOLTOT',
DEFI_CABLE=_F (GROUP_MA=' CAB5',
GROUP_NO_ANCRAGE= (“PC5D', “PC5F”,),),
TYPE_ANCRAGE= (“ACTIVE”, “ACTIVE”,),
# CONE=_F (RAYON=0.21,
# LONGUEUR=2.1,
# PRESENT= (“YES”, “YES”,),),
TENSION_INIT=3.75E6,
RECUL_ANCRAGE=0.001,
INFO=2,
);
CLIM =AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
DDL_IMPO= (
_F (GROUP_NO=' PP',
DX=0.0, DY=0.0,),
_F (GROUP_NO=' PX',
DY=0.0,),
_F (GROUP_NO=' PY',
DX=0.0,),
_F (GROUP_NO=' SU3',
DZ=0.0,),),
PESANTEUR= (9.81, 0.0, 0.0, - 1.0,),)
CMCAB1=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP1,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB2=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP2,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB3=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP3,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB4=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP4,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB5=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP5,
SIGM_BPEL=' NON',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),);
CLOSE =AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
PRES_REP =_F (GROUP_MA = “HIGH”,
CLOSE = 500,),)
FCT = DEFI_FONCTION (NOM_PARA = “INST”,
VALE = (0. , 0., 600., 0., 1000., 1.),)
… continuation.
Creation of the loadings
Boundary conditions and gravity
The connections kinematics connecting the cable to the concrete
(here
SIGM_BPEL=' NON'
, because one does not want to include
in this loading the voltage in the cables)
Posterior loadings with the setting in voltage
cables (here a pressure)
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
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Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Scenario 1
LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 150., 300., 450., 600., 1000.),);
# STAGE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,),
_F (RELATION = “WITHOUT”,
GROUP_MA= (“CABLE”),),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB5),),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 150.),)
# loading 2: cables 1 and 2
#--------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT= (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),),
CABLE_BP= (CAB_BP1, CAB_BP2),
CABLE_BP_INACTIF = (CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4, CAB_BP5,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 300.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
# loading 3: cables 3 and 4
#--------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2,),),
CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4),
CABLE_BP_INACTIF = (CAB_BP5,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 450.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
# loading 4: cable 5
#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = CALC_PRECONT (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4,),),
CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP5,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
The cables do not intervene: from where
RELATION=' SANS'
, but as they are present
in the model, one includes the connections kinematics them
concerning (if not the cables “fall”).
Whereas boundary conditions and gravity
are maintained,
CALC_PRECONT
, will put in
voltage cables 1 and 2, while maintaining inactive
cables 3,4 and 5.
To assign the real law of behavior to the cables.
Not to include the connections kinematics binding them
cables with the concrete,
CALC_PRECONT
takes care some
This time cables 1 and 2 are already tended and are not
thus more managed by
CALC_PRECONT
, this is why it
is necessary to include in the loading in addition to the conditions
with the limits, the connections kinematics for these 2
cables. On the other hand nothing to put for cable 5,
always inactive, and for cables 3 and 4 that
CALC_PRECONT
will put in voltage at this stage
Only cable 5 is managed by
CALC_PRECONT
, it is necessary
thus to include the connections kinematics for the others
already tended cables (1,2,3 and 4).
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
11/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
# loading 5: pressure
#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB5,),
_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
All the cables are now active. The loading
must include/understand the boundary conditions, them
instantaneous loadings, the connections kinematics
for all the cables and the new loadings with
to apply (here
NEAR
).
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
12/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Scenario 2
LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 600., 1000.),);
CMCAB1B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP1,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB2B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP2,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB3B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP3,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB4B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP4,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),)
CMCAB5B=AFFE_CHAR_MECA (MODELE=MO,
RELA_CINE_BP=_F (CABLE_BP=CAB_BP5,
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI',
RELA_CINE=' OUI',),);
# STAGE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY + VOLTAGE OF THE CABLES
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1B),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2B),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3B),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4B),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB5B),),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.),)
# loading 2: pressure
#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB5,),
_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
To directly apply the voltage in the cables,
one needs to define new loadings
containing at the same time the connections kinematics binding cable
and concrete, and the value of the voltage to be included in
cables (from where
SIGM_BPEL=' OUI'
, contrary to
CMCABi loadings defined initially).
The loading is composed of CLIM and of
CMCABiB containing the connections kinematics and
voltage in the cables
One always maintains the boundary conditions and
gravity, one includes the pressure. For the cables, it is
well CMCABi because one just wishes to maintain them
connections kinematics (if not, a news is added
time the voltage in the cables)
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
13/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Scenario 3
LINST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (VALE= (0.0, 600., 1000.),);
# STAGE 1: EFFECT OF GRAVITY + VOLTAGE OF THE CABLES
RES1 = CABLE_PRECONT (MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
CABLE_BP = (CAB_BP1, CAB_BP2, CAB_BP3, CAB_BP4, CAB_BP5),
EXCIT =_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 600.),)
# loading 2: pressure
#-----------------------------------------------------------
RES1 = STAT_NON_LINE (reuse=RES1,
ETAT_INIT=_F (EVOL_NOLI=RES1),
MODELE=MO,
CHAM_MATER=CMAT,
CARA_ELEM=CE,
COMP_INCR= (_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,
GROUP_MA=' VOLTOT',),
_F (RELATION = “VMIS_ISOT_LINE”,
GROUP_MA = “CABLE”),),
EXCIT = (_F (LOAD = CLIM,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB1,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB2,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB3,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB4,),
_F (LOAD = CMCAB5,),
_F (LOAD = NEAR, FONC_MULT = FCT,)),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LINST, INST_FIN = 1000.,
SUBD_PAS = 4,
SUBD_PAS_MINI = 0.01,),)
The loading is composed of CLIM and the 5 cables
are put in voltage simultaneously
One always maintains the boundary conditions and
gravity, one includes the pressure. For the cables, one has
always need for the connections kinematics them
concerning.
Code_Aster
®
Version
7.2
Titrate:
Realization of a study Civil Engineering with cables of prestressing
Date
:
16/02/04
Author (S):
S. MICHEL-PONNELLE, J. EL-GHARIB, S. GHAVAMIAN
Key:
U2.03.06-A
Page
:
14/14
Instruction manual
U2.03 booklet: Thermomechanical
HT-66/04/004/A
Intentionally white left page.