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Code_Aster
®
Version
6.4
Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
:
15/04/03
Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
:
U2.09.01-A
Page
:
1/20
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HT-66/03/002/A
Organization (S):
EDF-R & D/AMA, EDF-DIS/SEPTEN















Instruction manual
U2.09 booklet: Tools and Solutions Trades
Document: U2.09.01



Methodology for the realization of an analysis
of harmfulness of defect with the tool-trade ASPIC,
preparation of the data input


Summary:

The tool-trade ASPIC makes it possible to carry out analyzes of harmfulness of defect in prickings of the CSP. This tool
is composed of an automatic maillor of pricking and a solvor for the elastic thermo analyzes
linear. It is entirely integrated into Code_Aster. The maillor is usable independently of the solvor.
This note constitutes the methodological reference frame of a study of harmfulness of defect with ASPIC.
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Code_Aster
®
Version
6.4
Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
:
15/04/03
Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
:
U2.09.01-A
Page
:
2/20
Instruction manual
U2.09 booklet: Tools and Solutions Trades
HT-66/03/002/A
Count
matters
1
Synthesis ................................................................................................................................................ 3
2
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1
Context ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2
Objective of the note ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.3
Adopted step .......................................................................................................................... 4
2.4
Plan of the note which results from this ........................................................................................................ 4
3
Data input ASPIC ....................................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Geometry of the mesh ..................................................................................................................... 5
3.2
Boundary conditions and loadings ............................................................................................ 7
3.3
Materials ......................................................................................................................................... 8
4
Calculation of line to the analysis of harmfulness of defect .............................................................................. 9
4.1
Calculations of lines: general information ........................................................................................................... 9
4.2
Definition of the loading ASPIC starting from the DAC ........................................................................... 9
4.2.1
Stage 1: change of reference mark ............................................................................................ 9
4.2.2
Stage 2: rebalancing of the torques .................................................................................... 10
4.2.3
Stage 3: correction of the moments ........................................................................................ 10
4.2.4
Stage 4: obtaining the loading maximized ...................................................................... 11
4.3
Application ..................................................................................................................................... 12
5
Analyze harmfulness of defect on a pricking ..................................................................................... 12
5.1
Principle .......................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2
Output data ASPIC .............................................................................................................. 13
5.3
Coding .................................................................................................................................... 13
5.4
Example of application .................................................................................................................... 13
6
Application or conditions of use of the results .......................................................................... 14
Appendix 1
Example of data file ASPIC .................................................................... 15
Appendix 2
Guide with the use of the tool trade .......................................................................... 17
Appendix 3
Methodological reference frame ..................................................................................... 19
7
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 20
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Code_Aster
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
:
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Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
:
U2.09.01-A
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1 Synthesis
The tool-trade ASPIC makes it possible to carry out analyzes of harmfulness of defect in prickings of the CSP.
This tool is composed of an automatic maillor of pricking and a solvor for the analyzes
thermo linear rubber bands. It is entirely integrated into Code_Aster. The maillor is usable
independently of the solvor.
This note aims to describe methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of
defect with the tool trade ASPIC. One also endeavors to list in an exhaustive way the unit of
data input ASPIC. One has in version 6.4 of Code_Aster two macro-controls,
one corresponds to the automatic maillor (
MACR_ASPIC_MAIL
), the other with the procedure of calculation
itself (
MACR_ASPIC_CALC
).
To inform these macro-controls, it is necessary to have information on:
·
geometry of pricking,
·
boundary conditions and loadings applied at the ends (end of the pipe
connected BRANCH or ends of body RUN, R1 or R2),
·
the characteristics materials.
The results provided by the macro ordering of calculation are useful, by comparison with the criteria
codified, to rule on the harmfulness or not of a defect characterized during a control.
This document constitutes the methodological reference frame of a study of harmfulness of defect with ASPIC.
One finds there a description exhaustive of the data input for the macro-controls of the tool
trade ASPIC. The construction of these data starting from the data provided in the DAC is
entirely clarified. Finally the description of a study of analysis of harmfulness of defect on a pricking
is detailed. Examples illustrate each phase of setting in data and the type of awaited result
during an analysis of harmfulness.
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Code_Aster
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
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15/04/03
Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
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U2.09.01-A
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2 Introduction
2.1 Context
The tool-trade ASPIC makes it possible to carry out analyzes of harmfulness of defect in prickings of the CSP.
This tool is composed of an automatic maillor of pricking and a solvor for the analyzes
thermo linear rubber bands. It is entirely integrated into Code_Aster. The maillor is usable
independently of the solvor.

2.2
Objective of the note
This note aims to describe methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of
defect with the tool trade ASPIC. One also endeavors to list in an exhaustive way the unit of
data input ASPIC.
This note is based on the note written by J.P. SERMAGE, reference [bib1].
2.3 Step
adopted
This reference frame must make it possible to implement analyzes of harmfulness of defects according to rules'
in conformity with the RSE-M [bib4]. The method of plastic correction applicable is the method K
CP
. One
have in version 6.4 of Code_Aster [bib5] two macro-controls, one corresponds to
automatic maillor (
MACR_ASPIC_MAIL
), the other with the procedure of calculation itself
(
MACR_ASPIC_CALC
).
To inform these macro-controls, it is necessary to have information on:
·
geometry of pricking,
·
boundary conditions and loadings applied at the ends (end of the pipe
connected BRANCH or ends of body RUN, R1 or R2),
·
the characteristics materials.
The results provided by the macro-control of calculation are useful, by comparison with the criteria
codified, to rule on the harmfulness or not of a defect characterized during a control.
2.4
Plan of the note which results from this
The plan of the note follows the total step of an analysis of harmfulness of defect with the tool trade
ASPIC.
Chapter 3 presents the data input of the tool trade ASPIC.
Chapter 4 described how to build starting from the DAC the data input ASPIC.
Chapter 5 points out the principle of an analysis of harmfulness of defect.
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
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Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
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U2.09.01-A
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3
Data input ASPIC
3.1 Geometry of the mesh
Information relating to the geometry of pricking is used to inform the macro-control
MACR_ASPIC_MAIL
[bib12]. The concept produced by this macro-control is of mesh type. It
contains the topological entities allowing:
·
to apply the boundary conditions and the loadings;
·
to strip the results.
LZmax
E_BASE
Center body
H_SOUD
E_CORP
½ DEXT_CORPS
center
pipe
½ DEXT_BASE
chamfer
L_CHANF
L_BASE
E_TUBU
½ DEXT_TUBU
O
Zmax
saddle
LXmax
extra thickness or
under - thickness
JEU_SOUD
ANGL_SOUD
Appear 3.1-a: Description of the geometrical parameters (welding of type_2)
Initially, the control
EXEC_MAILLAGE
allows to establish the link with the software GIBI which
is used to produce the mesh. Parameters like:
COEF_MULT_RC1
,
COEF_MULT_RC2
,…,
NB_SECTEUR
,…,
RAYON_TORE
, allow to optimize the quality of the mesh (nonexhaustive list).
Then, one informs the state of refinement of the mesh desired close to the welding, it can be coarse
(2 nodes on the saddle and 3 nodes on the interface) or end (3 nodes on the saddle and 7 nodes on
the interface).
·
“LARGE”
(default option)
·
“FINE”
The option is recommended
“LARGE”
for the fissured mesh, the block fissures being sufficiently refined and
the option
“FINE”
to carry out an analysis of harmfulness of healthy defect on prickings [bib7].
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
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Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
:
U2.09.01-A
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Concerning the pipe, the geometrical parameters to inform are:
·
the thickness of the pipe in the area of connection (E_BASE), (reality, mm),
·
the diameter external of pipe (DEXT_BASE), (reality, mm),
·
the length of the base of pipe (L_BASE), (reality, mm),
·
the length of chamfer (L_CHANF), (reality, mm),
·
the thickness of the pipe above chamfer (E_TUBU), (reality, mm),
·
the diameter external of the pipe above chamfer (DEXT_TUBU), (reality, mm),
·
the maximum dimension of pipe (Z_MAX), (reality, mm),
·
the type and the position of welding (TYPE_1 or TYPE_2).
The type and the position of the welding are of type_1 if the bevel of the welding is located in the body
[Figure 3.1-a], of type_2 if the bevel of the welding is located in the pipe.
The welding is identified by:
·
the height of welding counted with part of external surface (H_SOUD), (reality, mm),
·
the angle of welding (ANGL_SOUD), (degrees),
·
play of the welding characterized by the space located between the body and pipe (JEU_SOUD),
(reality, mm).
Finally the body of pricking is defined by:
·
the thickness of body (E_CORP), (reality, mm),
·
the diameter external of body (DEXT_CORP), (reality, mm),
·
the maximum dimension of body (X_MAX), (reality, mm).
If analyzed pricking comprises a fissure, it is also necessary to define the characteristics of the fissure:
·
the type of the fissure (long or short).
The long fissures correspond to long but not very deep fissures (1/8 or 1/4 thickness),
the short fissures correspond to fissures of maximum depth equal to the half thickness
pricking.
·
depth of the fissure (DEPTH), (reality, mm),
·
the length of the fissure (LENGTH), (reality, mm),
·
the position of the center of the fissure (AZIMUTH), (degrees),
·
the position (right or tilted) according to the type of the welding (POSITION), [Figures 3.1-b] and
[Figure 3.1-c],
·
the position emerging in internal or external skin or not-emerging (FISSURE),
·
the length of the interior ligament (fissure not emerging) (LIGA_INT), (reality, mm),
·
the half angle of opening of fissure (ANGL_OUVERTURE), (degrees).













Appear 3.1-b: standard Geometry pricking n°1
center body
center pipe
ANGL_OUVERURE
E_CORP
E_TUBU
H SOUD
JEU_SOUD
RIGHT
INCLINE
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
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Author (S):
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Key
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U2.09.01-A
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Appear 3.1-c: Standard geometry pricking n°2

The boundary conditions, the loadings and the data material are indicated on the level of
macro-control
MACR_ASPIC_CALC
[bib12], objectives of the following paragraphs. This
macro-control has the aim of carrying out a preset calculation of healthy or fissured prickings, like
associated postprocessings.

3.2
Boundary conditions and loadings
To carry out a calculation with the finite elements, modeling forces to define the conditions well in
limits and the loadings applied which they are mechanical or thermal.
Symbolically a pricking is defined by the intersection of the straight line [R1, R2] representing the body and
half-line [O, B] representing the pipe. The point O represents the origin of pricking i.e.
the intersection of the axes of the two tubes.
(R1: P1_CORP, R2: P2_CORP and b: P_TUBU)
R1
R2
B
O
X
Y
Z
Appear 3.2-a: Notation symbolic of pricking
center body
center pipe
INCLINE
RIGHT
E_TUBU
E_CORP
ANGL_OUVERURE
H SOUD
JEU_SOUD
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
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Author (S):
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Key
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To ensure the balance (BALANCE) of the structure, one defines an embedding of the beam type in the one
of the two ends of the body (R1 or R2). This choice depends the definition on the torque of the efforts with
to apply at the ends (R1 or R2 and B).
One indicates then the value of the pressure (PRES_REP) which applies in internal skin (MPa), with
taking into account of the basic effect on the faces associated at the end with the pipe B and one with
two faces ends of the body (R1 or R2).
The torque of effort is applied at the ends B of the pipe and (R1 or R2) of body (TORS_CORP,
TORS_TUBU).
One informs the 6 components of the torque of efforts:
·
force according to X F
X
(NR)
·
force according to Y F
Y
(NR)
·
force according to Z F
Z
(NR)
·
moment according to X M
X
(N.mm)
·
moment according to THERE M
Y
(N.mm)
·
moment according to Z M
Z
(N.mm)
For thermal calculations (EXCHANGE), one indicates the value of the coefficient of exchange (W/mm
2
) on
skin interns pipe and body, as well as the value of the temperature of the fluid (°C) inside
pricking for various moments of the transient.
One will see in chapter 4 how to build this torque of effort starting from the DAC (File of Analysis of
Design).
3.3 Materials
The definition of materials is done apart from the macro-control
MACR_ASPIC_CALC
, but
their assignment is done in the macro-control by the key word
AFFE_MATERIAU
. Data
material either are taken at temperature given (ambient or average of the transient), or function of
the temperature (general case). When these data depend on the temperature, they are stored
for a list of temperatures. They come is: RCC-M [bib10], RSE-M [bib4] or of
specific measurements.
The data necessary to the definition of material are:
data of behavior in traction
·
Young modulus E (MPa)
·
Poisson's ratio
·
expansion factor
(°C
- 1
)
·
thermal conductivity
(W.mm
- 1
°C
- 1
)
·
density
(kg.mm
- 3
)
One also notes the importance of the definition of the temperature of reference for which there is not
no thermal deformation.
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4
Calculation of line to the analysis of harmfulness of defect
4.1
Calculations of lines: general information
A calculation of line consists in determining torques of effort and displacements and checking them
criteria of design defined in the RCC-M [bib5].
The rules of layout used by the manufacturer are such as pipings are primarily
solicited in pressure and bending whatever the loading. The criteria of design relate to
stresses due to the pressure and on those generated by the torsion and bending moments, thus
that by the basic effect.
In a general way, an auxiliary line and its pipings are represented by a telegraphic model or
beam from isometric in the plan. The components are modelized according to their stiffness and
their mass respective: self-supporting quality, valves, valves, prickings.
Within the framework of an analysis of harmfulness of defect in a component, one uses in data input
torques resulting from the calculation of line. These torques known as “are signed” or “not signed”.
The torque is signed when it is defined perfectly by its direction, its sign and its amplitude.
Typically, they are the loadings of the weight type, pressure or thermal dilation. The torque is
not signed when it is defined only by its maximum amplitude and its direction. It is the case of
alternative loadings like a rupture of piping or a seism. For the mechanical analysis of
pricking, the data of the DAC to be extracted are the torques calculated with the node of the line which represents
the intersection between two portions of line.
4.2
Definition of the loading ASPIC starting from the DAC
The space modeling of a line of piping using elements beams makes it possible to determine in
each modelized node the mechanical torques which result from the whole of the situations from
operation studied. These torques are available in the DAC, whose extract is given in
[bib14].
The signed loadings are conventional mechanical efforts, they are practically balanced. By
against the not signed loadings are not real efforts but only the terminals
higher of each component. They are not balanced.
To define the mechanical efforts several stages are necessary, they are described in
following paragraphs.
4.2.1 Stage 1: change of reference mark
In modeling space beam, pricking corresponds to a node of the mesh which is the point
commun run with three beams. Mechanical torques calculated in this node for each beam
allow to know the efforts to be applied at the ends R1, R2 and B of pricking. Like
identify local related to each beam or the total reference mark “manufacturer” in whom mechanical torques
are calculated does not correspond to the reference mark of pricking, this first stage consists in carrying out one
change of adequate reference mark in order to determine the mechanical torques in the reference mark of pricking
(0, X, Y, Z). With the exit of this change of reference mark, the components of the mechanical torques are
noted:
·
R1 end:
(
)
Z
Y
X
Z
Y
X
MR.
MR.
MR.
FR
FR
FR
,
1
,
1
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
·
R2 end:
(
)
Z
Y
X
Z
Y
X
MR.
MR.
MR.
FR
FR
FR
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
·
end b:
(
)
Z
Y
X
Z
Y
X
MB
MB
MB
BFR
BFR
BFR
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
,
,
,
,
This stage relates to as well the signed loadings as not signed.
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Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
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4.2.2 Stage 2: rebalancing of the torques
Because of precision of calculations related to the discretization of the line of piping, torques
mechanics which one calculates is not rigorously balanced. Correction suggested here
consist in rebalancing torques by average value.
To rebalance the torques by average value consists in modifying each component according to
following formulas:
(
)
(
)
(
)




+
+
-
=
+
+
-
=
+
+
-
=
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
BFR
FR
FR
BFR
BFR
BFR
FR
FR
FR
FR
BFR
FR
FR
FR
FR
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
éq
4.2.2-1
and
(
)
(
)
(
)




+
+
-
=
+
+
-
=
+
+
-
=
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MB
MR.
MR.
MB
MB
MB
MR.
MR.
MR.
MR.
MB
MR.
MR.
MR.
MR.
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
,
1
,
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
,
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
with I = (X, Y, Z)
Thus the torques resulting from the calculation of line check the equilibrium equations:




=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
Z
Z
Z
Y
Y
Y
X
X
X
BFR
FR
FR
BFR
FR
FR
BFR
FR
FR
and




=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
,
2
Z
Z
Z
Y
Y
Y
X
X
X
MB
MR.
MR.
MB
MR.
MR.
MB
MR.
MR.
éq
4.2.2-2
4.2.3 Stage 3: correction of the moments
The load application at the ends R1, R2 and B induced, for the sharp efforts, one moment
additional that it is necessary to compensate by introducing a correction at the time
rebalanced.
Finally the efforts which one applies at the R1 ends, R2 and B are defined by:
FR1 =




=
=
=
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
,
2
,
2
,
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
and MR1 =




×
+
×
-
1
Y
2,
Z
2,
Z
1
Z
2,
Y
2,
Y
X
2,
X
FR1
MR1
=
MR1
FR1
MR1
=
MR1
MR1
=
MR1
D
D
éq
4.2.3-1
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
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FR2 =




=
=
=
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
,
2
,
2
,
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
and MR2 =




×
-
×
+
1
Y
2,
Z
2,
Z
1
Z
2,
Y
2,
Y
X
2,
X
D
FR2
MR2
=
MR2
D
FR2
MR2
=
MR2
MR2
=
MR2
éq 4.2.3-2
BFR =




=
=
=
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
BFR
BFR
BFR
BFR
BFR
BFR
,
2
,
2
,
2
and MB =




×
-
×
+
Z
2,
Z
2
X
2,
Y
2,
Y
2
,
2
X
2,
X
MB
=
MB
D
BFR
MB
=
MB
MB
=
MB
D
BFR
Y
éq
4.2.3-3
The equilibrium equations relating to pricking then are automatically checked:




=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
.
0
2
1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
X
X
X
BFR
FR
FR
BFR
FR
FR
BFR
FR
FR
éq
4.2.3-4
and




=
×
+
×
-
+
+
=
×
+
×
-
×
+
+
+
=
×
-
+
+
.
0
2
1
2
1
.
0
2
1
2
1
.
0
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
D
FR
D
FR
MB
MR.
MR.
D
BFR
D
FR
D
FR
MB
MR.
MR.
D
BFR
MB
MR.
MR.
Y
Y
Z
Z
Z
X
Z
Z
Y
Y
Y
Y
X
X
X
Real efforts defined by the equations [éq 4.2.3-1] [éq 4.2.3-2] and [éq 4.2.3-3] can be
applied directly at the ends R1, R2 and B of fissured pricking. In ASPIC one of
ends of the RUN is embedded (R1 or R2). The torque of effort defines in the paragraph [§3.2] is
[éq 4.2.3-3] for the end of the pipe and [éq 4.2.3-1] or [éq 4.2.3-2] for the end of the body.
4.2.4 Stage 4: obtaining the maximized loading
The ultimate stage consists in defining the maximized loading. The maximized loading is the loading
corresponding to the combination of the signed loading and not signed such as the rate of refund
of energy, noted G
max
room is maximum for a given fissure.
Two methods of calculation of G
max
are available, analytical described in [bib13], the other
numerical and established in Code_Aster.
The analytical method relates to the loading not signed and consists in seeking that which maximizes
the mode of opening I. the REX [bib15] shows that his implementation is tiresome, also one
recommend the use of the numerical method. An example of the implementation of the method
analytical is given in [bib8]. This example made it possible to validate the analytical method by
comparison between the result and the numerical method of reference.
The numerical method established in Code_Aster examines the three possible couples of stresses
and the minimum of maximum retains reached (conservative solution compared to the exact solution).
In other words, one calculation three G
max
, the first starting from the torques defined at the end of the RUN (R1 and
R2), the second starting from the torques defined in the one of the end of the RUN and the end of the BRANCH
(R1 and B), the last is the combination (R2 and B). An example of the implementation of the method
numerical is given in [bib9].
It is possible to maximize the mechanical loading in its totality, in which case, it is enough to calculate
the amplitude of the total loading as being the sum of the amplitudes of the loading signed and of
loading not signed. The result of [bib8] shows that this way of making is conservative by
report/ratio with the case or only the loading not signed is maximized.
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Titrate:
Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect
Date
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Author (S):
J. ANGLES, J.P. SERMAGE
Key
:
U2.09.01-A
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4.3 Application
The following table gives the elementary loadings to the center of pricking (raised in the DAC)
participants in the situation of category 2. The signed loadings are cumulated linearly between them,
the loadings not signed as for them are cumulated quadratically. These loadings must
to be affected of a safety coefficient of 1.5.
In each category, the situations are obtained by the following combinations, for example in
2
ème
category: 1 ­ 17 ­ 18 ­ 19 ­ max (14, 15, 16) ­ 2 ­ 6 ­ 7 ­ 8 to 13
Heading number
Nature
Actual weight
1
Signed
Displacements be
17
Signed
Winter displacements
18
Signed
Creep 19
Signed
Maximum dilation CP5 GV1
Max (14,15 and 16)
Signed
Acceptable normal seism
2
Not Signed
Radial DDS SNA lines Br
6
Not Signed
Tangential DDS SNA lines Br
7
Not Signed
DDS SNA pricking Steam Generator
8 to 13
Not Signed
One gives an example of the implementation of the stages (1, 2 and 3) successive described Ci above for
the case of loading n°1 corresponding to the actual weight. The first table is the result of
transformation of data resulting from the DAC (second table).
Number (ASPIC)
FR2x (daN) FR2y (daN) FR2z (daN)
MR2x
(daN.m)
MR2y
(daN.m)
MR2z
(daN.m)
1 (actual weight)
492,93
458,31
­ 951,23
731,76
­ 98,90
776,68

Number (DAC)
Nx_d (daN) Ty_d (daN) Tz_d (daN)
Cx_d
(daN.m)
My_d
(daN.m)
Mz_d
(daN.m)
1 (actual weight)
21,597
13,021
­ 1422,562
544,156
1237,734
130,765
An example of maximization of the mechanical loading is given in [bib8] and [bib9].

5
Analyze harmfulness of defect on a pricking
The sizes which one uses in breaking process are the stress intensity factors
for each mode of opening of the defect and the rate of refund of energy. The rate of refund
of energy G is calculated whatever the mode of stress (opening or closing) of the fissure.
5.1 Principle
Two methods can be implemented starting from the results of the execution the macro one
order calculation. One, or one compares the rate of refund of elatoplastic energy G (= J
EFF
) with
the fissuring force J
0,2
material. If the report/ratio J
0,2
/J
EFF
> 1, it does not have risk of brutal rupture there.
The other, or calculation is elastic, one then applies the analytical method of plastic correction.
In the case of a mechanical loading combining and thermics it consists of a rule of office plurality
between the method K
CP
and J
HT
. In mechanics alone, the method codified in the RSE-M is the method
K
CP
.
The study of the correction of plasticity under mechanical loading only (1/K
R
) is considered to be too complex,
the geometry itself of prickings does not allow the calculation of L
R
(indicator of the level of
plasticity in mechanics). Moreover one standard validation [bib10] would require many calculations
finite elements in elastoplasticity.
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5.2
Output data ASPIC
Postprocessings of calculation ASPIC must make it possible to implement analyzes of harmfulness
of defect in accordance with the RSE-M such as:
·
transformation of stress fields into stress intensity factors by the method
functions of influence
·
calculation of the correction of plasticity and checking of the field of validity.
For healthy prickings, the stresses of opening according to modes I, II and III are calculated.
Via operand RCCM, one can carry out a postprocessing of the type
POST_RCCM
, of the precautions are with
to take at the time to define the characteristics material [bib12].
The rate of refund of density of energy, noted G, is calculated according to the curvilinear X-coordinate on
bottom of fissure and according to time. It is this value which is to compare with the fissuring force
material J
0,2
for evaluation of the factors of margin.
5.3 Coding
The criteria to be applied for the specific studies of the defects are codified in the appendix 5.6 IV 2 of
RSE-M [bib4] for the hardware of level 2.
The fissuring force J
0,2
material with the priming of the tear corresponds conventionally to one
ductile extension of 0,2 Misters For example for the base metal standard A48 or A42 and the welded gaskets,
these values are:
·
J
0,2
= 92 KJ/m
2
for a lower temperature or equalizes with 100°C
·
J
0,2
= 55 KJ/m
2
for a higher temperature or equalizes with 200°C
Values of J
0,2
can be to interpolate linearly between 100°C and 200°C
5.4 Example
of application
One finds examples of use in the documents [bib8], [bib9].
One summarizes in the table according to the results of the analysis of harmfulness of defect on pricking
ANG-ASG of bearing CP0-BGY [bib9].
Pricking ANG-ASG
Interface right
has (mm)
C/has
3
17,3
T
moy
°C
186
J
eEF
(KJ/m
2
)
4,87
J
EFF
(KJ/m
2
)
3,32
J
0,2
(KJ/m
2
)
60,2
J
0,2
/J
EFF
18,13
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6
Application or conditions of use of the results
The plastic designs must be reserved for the mechanical analyzes of type appraises because of
associated calculating time (see appendix). Preparation of the data input for the macro ones
controls of ASPIC requires much rigor. A REX [bib15] of work practice with
ASPIC showed that the preparation of the loadings and obtaining the maximized loading take 2 with
3 working days for an engineer. To obtain the maximized loading, one recommends to use
numerical method of calculation of G
max
room.
For the calculation of the fissuring force, one recommends the use of the analytical method as in
[bib8] and [bib9]. For that it should beforehand be checked that the applicability is included/understood in
field of validity of the methods codified in the RSE-M [bib4].
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Appendix 1 Example of data file ASPIC

The process control language describes Ci below corresponds to version 6 of Code_Aster.
# AUTHOR NR. Ligneau
# Pricking ARE-ASG GRAVELINES 3
# FRA EER cd. 1470 C of the 15/12/99
#
# Piquage fissures
#
# ASTER-V6.04
#
# units: NR, mm, MPa

BEGINNING (CODE=_F (NAME = “ARE-ASG”))

MA =
MACR_ASPIC_MAIL (
EXEC_MAILLAGE=_F (SOFTWARE = “GIBI2000”,),
PIPE =_F (E_BASE = 21.4,
DEXT_BASE = 140.0,
L_BASE = 41.0,
L_CHANF = 40.8,
E_TUBU = 8.0,
DEXT_TUBU = 114.3,
Z_MAX = 490.49,
TYPE = “TYPE_2”),
RAFF_MAIL = “LARGE”,
WELDING =_F (H_SOUD = 15.0,
ANGL_SOUD = 30.0,
JEU_SOUD = 2.5),
BODY =_F (E_CORP = 30.9,
DEXT_CORP = 406.4,
X_MAX = 764.47),

# fissures has = 3 mm

FISS_SOUDURE =_F (STANDARD = “LONG”,
DEPTH = 3.0,
LENGTH = 104.0,
AZIMUTH = 0.0,
POSITION = “RIGHT”,
FISSURE = “DEB_INT”)
)

# Tu42C

TU42C=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E = 1.99100E5,
NAKED = 0.3,
ALPHA = 1.845E-05,),
RCCM=_F (SM = 103.0,),
THER=_F (LAMBDA = 0.0514,
RHO_CP = 3.8394E-3,))

# Given of the coefficient of exchange on the internal skin

COEFHCOR=DEFI_CONSTANTE (VALE=1.85E-3,)
COEFHTUB=DEFI_CONSTANTE (VALE=0.01775,)
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# Description of the variation of the loadings in the course of time

VARTEMP=DEFI_FONCTION (NOM_PARA=' INST',
VALE= (0.0, 220.0,
1.0, 220.0,
2.0, 7.0,),
PROL_DROITE=' CONSTANT')

VARP=DEFI_FONCTION (NOM_PARA=' INST',
VALE= (0.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0,),
PROL_DROITE=' CONSTANT')

VARFOR=DEFI_FONCTION (NOM_PARA=' INST',
VALE= (0.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0,),
PROL_DROITE=' CONSTANT')

LIST=DEFI_LIST_REEL (DEBUT=0.0,
INTERVALLE= (_F (JUSQU_A = 1.0,
= 1 NUMBERS,),
_F (JUSQU_A = 2.0,
NUMBERS = 10,),
_F (JUSQU_A = 6.0,
NUMBERS = 8,),
_F (JUSQU_A = 10.0,
NUMBERS = 4,)))

RESUTher =
MACR_ASPIC_CALC (
TYPE_MAILLAGE = “FISS_LONG_DEB”,
PIPE =_F (STANDARD = “TYPE_2”),
MODEL = CO (“MOD”),
MESH =MA,
RESU_THER =CO (“RESUTH”),
AFFE_MATERIAU=_F (ALL = “YES”,
RCCM = “YES”,
MATER = TU42C,
TEMP_REF = 220.0),
ECHANGE=_F (COEF_H_TUBU = COEFHTUB,
COEF_H_CORP = COEFHCOR,
TEMP_EXT = VARTEMP),
EQUILIBRE=_F (NODE = “P2_CORP”,),
PRES_REP =_F (CLOSE = 0.0,
NODE = “P1_CORP”,
EFFE_FOND = “YES”,
FONC_MULT = VARP),
COMP_ELAS=_F (RELATION = “ELAS”,),
INCREMENT=_F (LIST_INST = LIST,),
NEWTON =_F (REAC_INCR = 50,
STAMP = “TANGENT”,
REAC_ITER = 10),
THETA_3D = (_F (R_INF=0.1,
R_SUP=1.0,),
_F (R_INF=0.5,
R_SUP=1.0,),
_F (R_INF=0.25,
R_SUP=2.0,),
_F (R_INF=0.5,
R_SUP=2.5,))

END ()
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Appendix 2 Guides with the use of the tool trade

Calculating time on Origin 2000, (one can divide by three to have an estimate on Alphaserver).
Nb ddl
Memory capacity
(Mo)
Tps of total calculation (S CPU)
100 000
mesh without defect
refinement
“FINE”
1500
CALCULATION THERMO_ELASTIQUE
Solvor
THER_LINE
: 10 S CPU/not of tps
Solvor
STAT_NON_LINE
and
CALC_ELEM
: 1000 S CPU for
the 1
er
increment, 55 S CPU for the following
Examination in temperature: 6 S CPU/not of tps
Examination in stress: 100 S CPU/not of tps
102 000
mesh with fissure
long
refinement
“LARGE”
2500
CALCULATION THERMO_PLASTIQUE
Solvor
THER_LINE
: 21 S CPU/not of tps
Solvor
STAT_NON_LINE
and
CALC_ELEM
: 12.000 S CPU/not
of tps on average (3 to 4 iterations per pitch of calculation) ­ is
a total of 76h CPU of calculation for 23 pitch of time.
Examination in temperature: negligible time
Examination in Gthéta: 10s CPU/not of tps

The plastic designs must be reserved for the mechanical analyzes of type appraises because of the time of
associated calculation.
The calculating times to determine G local maximum are important. They are specified in the table
below:
Total time CPU (in S)
Memory requested (Mo)
Right defect
70752
1100
Tilted defect
64466
1100

Healthy mesh
For the thermal transients, it is necessary to use a refinement known as
“FINE”
of mesh.
To strip the elementary stress fields under loading, it is necessary to strip in plans
spaced to the maximum of 15°. That is to say 24 plans on the whole for ASPIC.

Geometry of the welding
The geometry of the welding has an influence: the covered total angle and the external extra thickness. For the angle, them
two interfaces welding body and welding pipe constitutes extreme positions and also give
results which wrap all the intermediate plans. As for the extra thickness, one cannot conclude from way
reliable only starting from the results presented here. One will conclude in a very total way by saying that more this
extra thickness is small, less there is matter and thus more one places oneself in a geometrical configuration
penalizing.

Elastic design
The macro ordering of calculation ASPIC calls upon the solvor
STAT_NON_LINE
. Default options of it
solvor implies an updating of the matrix of rigidity to each increment, which is expensive in times of
calculation (1000s with each resolution) if one must calculate several pitches of loading (case of a transient
thermics) and useless for an elastic analysis. Consequently, it is absolutely necessary to indicate in the macro one
order calculation ASPIC the option:
SOLVEUR =_F (
REAC_INCR = N,
N > a number of total increment of calculation
STAMP = “TANGENT”,
REAC_ITER = 0),

Elastoplastic calculation
These calculations are very long and very expensive. Various options were used under the key word NEWTON:
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OPTION 1:
NEWTON =_F (MATRIX = “ELASTIC”),
·
Calculation converges very slowly (more than 10 iterations for an increment),
much more slowly than with a TANGENT matrix.

OPTION 2:
NEWTON =_F (REAC_INCR = 1,
STAMP
=
“TANGENT”,
REAC_ITER = 1),
RECH_LINEAIRE =_F (RESI_LINE_RELA = 1.0E-3,
ITER_LINE_MAXI = 3),
·
So that calculation converges with a reasonable iteration count (3 to 4
iterations by increment of time) it is necessary to bring up to date the tangent matrix with each
increment.
·
The use of the linear option of search does not seem to modify much
calculating time. The linear coefficient of search is very close to 1.

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Methodological appendix 3 Reference frame

The syntheses of the notes constituting the methodological reference frame are restored Ci below.

Study of validation ASPIC: Pricking ARE-ASG under mechanical and thermal loading. NR. LIGNEAU -
SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-01631 A
This note allowed:
·
to validate the analytical method of maximization of the loading not signed by comparison with one
method of reference [bib12]
·
to validate the use of the tool trade ASPIC to implement an analysis of harmfulness by
comparison with a calculation carried out by FRAMATOME
·
to validate ASPIC for the thermo analyzes mechanical linear.

Analytical method of plastic correction for prickings under thermal loading and
thermomechanics J.P. SERMAGE ­ SEPTEN E-N-ES-MS/02-01069 A
This note, via the general step of analysis of harmfulness of defect being based on the codified methods
in the RSE-M and on the basis of study [bib5], allowed to validate:
·
the use of the method J
HT
, for the thermal loadings only
·
combination of the methods K
CP
and J
HT
in the case of mechanical combined loadings and
thermics.

Tool-trade ASPIC ­ Validation of the mesh for the calculation of thermal transients S. MUSI,
A. BENAZIZA ­ SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-01108 A
This note allowed:
·
to validate mesh of pricking healthy and fissured in linear elasticity
·
to contribute to the validation of the mesh of prickings fissured in elastoplasticity by a comparison
qualitative with a study FRAMATOME, whose reference is given Ci below:
Pricking ARE/ASG of GRAVELINES 3 elastoplastic Calculations 3D of pricking comprising a defect
circumferential in situations of 2
ème
, 3
ème
and 4
ème
categories Notes FRA EER/cd./1470 index C, N°
FDU: 00A04082

Analyze harmfulness of defect in a pricking: validation of the simplified method of the functions
of influence. NR. LIGNEAU ­ SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-00828 A
This note allowed:
·
to validate the use of the analytical method of the functions of influence codified in the RSE-M for
calculation of the rate of elastic refund of energy
·
to show the feasibility of a study of harmfulness of defect with ASPIC
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7 Bibliography
[1]
J.P. SERMAGE: Methodology for the realization of an analysis of harmfulness of defect with
the tool trade ASPIC, preparation of the data. Note SEPTEN E-N-ES-MS/02-01078A
[2]
C. CHEDEAU: Specification for the continuation of the development under quality assurance
of ASPIC - UTO D4507-SIS-CDE/CDE-98/1916
[3]
J.P. SERMAGE: Quality Detailed plan of the batch “tool-trade ASPIC” of the project “Service
for the UTO “- SEPTEN E-N-ES-MS/01-01051 A
[4]
RSE-M Edition 1997 and modifying of 1997 to 2000
[5]
C. JEAN: Card-index of introduction of the software Code_Aster version 5.7. Note
E-N-ES-MS/02-00733.A
[6]
NR. LIGNEAU: Study of validation ASPIC: Pricking ARE-ASG under mechanical loading
and thermics - SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-01631 A
[7]
S. MUSI, A. BENAZIZA: Tool-trade ASPIC ­ Validation of the mesh for the calculation of
thermal transients - SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-01108 A
[8]
NR. LIGNEAU: Analyze harmfulness of defect in a pricking: validation of the method
simplified functions of influence - SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/00-00828 A
[9]
J.P. SERMAGE: Analytical method of plastic correction for prickings under
thermal loading and thermomechanics - SEPTEN E-N-ES-MS/02-01069 A
[10]
Mr. H. LACIRE: Tubes with circumferential defects: validation of the simplified method of
calculation of J under mechanical loading - Report ECA SEMT/LISN/RT/99-036/A
[11]
RCC-M ­ Volume I ­ Volumes B-C-D: hardware of levels 1,2 and 3 AFCEN edition 2000.
[12] Documentation
use of the macro-controls
MACR_ASPIC_MAIL
and
MACR_ASPIC_CALC
[13]
Y. MEZIERE: Methodology of analysis of harmfulness of defects in pricking in elasticity
linear - SEPTEN E-N-T-MS/98-00268 A
[14]
Data and assumptions for the validation of the analytical method of plastic correction
for prickings ASPIC. Courier UTO D4507-SIS-BUI n°01/0677
[15]
Tool-trade ASPIC ­ Experience feedback UTO. CR of evaluation E-N-T-MS/01-00100-A